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CHAPTER 9: TOOLS & REFERENCES



Tools to search the Perseus database include the Browser and English Index (described in chapter 5) and Philological Tools for working with the Greek language (described in chapter 8, part 2). References include the Encyclopedia and Bibliography. These are the utilities and secondary resources that Perseus provides to find and analyze information.


9.1 TOOLS & REFERENCES INDEX

The Tools & References Index (figure 9.1) displays the names of tools and references in Perseus and provides access to them. As with other Perseus indexes, the main categories are shown in boldface, with subcategories shown beneath each main category. You must click a subcategory to go to that tool or reference.

Figure 9.1 Tools & References Index

> Click a subcategory to use that tool or reference.

Try clicking a subcategory under each main topic. Then click the Go Back icon on the Navigator to return to the Tools & References Index.


9.2 ENCYCLOPEDIA

The Encyclopedia is composed of short articles and glosses on classical civilization, art, and architecture based on several sources. Some articles have accompanying views or illustrations. Approximately three hundred articles were written expressly for the Perseus Project. These articles focus on regions of Greece, biographies of ancient authors, terminology for art and architecture, and descriptions of musical instruments. These articles may be accessed also from the Essays and Catalogs icon on the Gateway.

The rest of the entries (approximately 3,500) are derived from the indexes to the Loeb Classical Library editions of Herodotus and Apollodorus and the Frazer edition of Pausanias, and are so marked. These were deemed useful primarily because they contain explanatory glosses of the encyclopedia entry. In addition, it is possible to use the references to Herodotus, Apollodorus, and Pausanias to go directly into the text.

Users should keep in mind, however, that gloss-type entries are restricted to these three authors, and may not include other citations that are in Perseus. To find other citations, use the English Word Search or the Lookup tool.

From the Gateway, go to the Encyclopedia by clicking the Tools & References icon, then either Alphebetical Index or Subject Index under the topic Encyclopedia. Or from anywhere within Perseus, choose the item Encyclopedia from the Links menu, from which the Alphebetical Index is the default point of entry. The Subject Index lists only the articles written for Perseus and not the entries derived from the Loeb indexes (figure 9.2). The Alphabetical Index lists both types of Encyclopedia entries (figure 9.3).

9.2.1 SUBJECT INDEX

> Click Subject Index on the Tools & References Index to see the list of encyclopedia entries listed by subject.

Figure 9.2 Subject Index of Encyclopedia articles

> Click a subject to see the list of articles on that topic.

> Click an entry in the right-hand column to see that article.

Try clicking Vase Shape as a subject and Amphora as an entry to follow the example shown below (9.2.3) and illustrated in figure 9.2.

9.2.2 ALPHABETICAL INDEX

To go to the Alphebetical Index, click Alphabetical Index on the Tools & References Index to see the list of encyclopedia entries in alphabetical order. Or from anywhere within Perseus, choose the item Encyclopedia from the Links menu.

To go from the Alphabetical Index to the Subject Index, choose Subject from the Index Type pop-up menu , upper right.

Click a letter at the bottom to see the list of articles beginning with that letter. Scroll down and click an entry in the right-hand column to go to that article (figure 9.3).

Figure 9.3 Encyclopedia Alphabetical Index.

The example below uses the article for Amphora.

9.2.3 ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE

Each article in the Encyclopedia consists of the text of the article, a bibliography of primary sources, and a list of related topics in the Encyclopedia. A typical article is depicted below (figure 9.4).

Figure 9.4 Encyclopedia article.

The Tools & References icon is at the top left of the article, followed by the name of the entry. On the top right is the Index button. The text of the article appears in a scrolling text field. Literary Sources are listed in this field. References to texts in Perseus are underlined and shown in their abbreviated canonical syntax.

Below the text of the article are two fields: Views and See Also. Views is a list of any illustrations and photographs related to the topic of the article. See Also lists any cross-references to related articles in the Encyclopedia.

Index
Click Index to return to the Encyclopedia Alphabetical Index.
Literary sources
Literary sources for the encyclopedia article, if applicable, are shown at the end of the article.

Select text from this field and release the mouse on the item Primary Texts under the Links menu to go directly to this reference.

To return to the encyclopedia article, click the Go Back arrow on the Navigator Palette.

Views
Click a line in the list of views to see an illustration or photograph.

If no views are available, this area will be empty.

Two types of views are available - illustrations and photographs. Both types appear in an additional window. When a view is displayed, drawing or photography credits also appear in a small floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.

NOTE: The illustrations and photographs are not stored in HyperCard and therefore should be treated differently from other Perseus elements. In particular, you must click the close box to remove an illustration. If the window is not active, click the title bar. If you use the Navigator while an illustration window is open, Perseus will respond, but you will be unable to see the response if the image window is covering the active HyperCard window.

See a related article
Click a related topic to see that article in the Encyclopedia.

9.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Perseus Bibliography is divided into two sections, Sources Used and Further Information. Sources Used contains citations from secondary works used to compile the Perseus database. Further Information lists sources of information external to Perseus that is pertinent to the study of Ancient Greek language, culture and art.

9.3.1 SOURCES USED

The Sources Used resource has more than 2,500 entries of materials used in the development of Perseus. Its primary use is as an interactive bibliography that you can call upon whenever you see a source attribution in narrative, catalog descriptions, or notes.

To access the Sources Used Index (figure 9.5) from the Gateway, click the Tools & Resources icon, then click Sources Used under the topic Bibliography. Or from anywhere within Perseus, choose the item Sources Used from the Links menu.

Figure 9.5 Sources Used index

The three buttons on the bottom take you to short entry headings in the letters A through F, G through O and P through Z. Click an item in the Souorces Used Index to go to the full entry. Figure 9.6 shows the full entry for the item Aalders 1982.

Figure 9.6 Sources Used, full entry.

Click the button Index, upper right, to return to the Sources Used Index.

> Make a link with Sources Used from a Perseus citation.

The Pottery Descriptions in the Art & Archaeology resource show the various sources used to compile the information. To follow this example of Sources Used, use the Lookup tool to go directly to the vase Boston 98.894 .

Choose Lookup from the Links menu, type Boston 98.894 in the floating window, then press Return. Now click in Vase Catalog in the right column of results.

When you see the Catalog Summary card for this object, click the Description button in the upper right. Scroll to the end of the description.

At the bottom of the description, select the first source attribution, Fairbanks 1928.

Note that the selection must be exact, e.g., no spaces before or after Fairbanks 1928.

Choose the item Sources Used from the Links menu. (Hold the shift key down to open the Sources Used stack in a new window.)

The Sources Used resource opens to the full citation for Fairbanks 1928. Use the Index button to see an alphabetical list of citations. Although you can page through the Sources Used information by clicking the forward and backward arrows on the Navigator Palette, you will be unable to relate the source to a specific Perseus item.

9.3.2 FURTHER SOURCES

Further Sources are further bibliographic references for the interested reader. Despite the abundance of its texts, images and reference materials, Perseus contains only a small part of the resources available to students of classical Greece. Further Sources lists a number of books, some very old, others less so, some of interest primarily to beginners, some to specialists. These books are useful supplements to Perseus, and are profitably used in conjunction with it.

The list of further sources includes grammars and dictionaries, general reference works, and specific references for history, literature, religion, myth, atlas, culture, architecture, and art.

To go to Further Sources, click the Tools & References icon on the Gateway, then click Further Sources under the topic Bibliography (figure 9.7).

You cannot access Further Sources via the Links menu.

Figure 9.7 Further Sources.

When using the Further Sources resource, you can obtain a full citation by clicking a line in the entry (figure 9.8).

Figure 9.8 Full entry in Sources Used from Further Sources resource.

To return to Further Sources, click the Go Back arrow on the Navigator Palette.

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