A Historical Overview of Greek History was commissioned by the Perseus Project. Written by Professor Thomas Martin, the Overview is a narrative history of ancient Greece with emphasis on the Golden Age of Athens in the fifth century B.C.
The Historical Overview consists of two parts, a table of contents and a narrative section. Within the narrative, words and phrases in the text are linked to the primary text sources, images, maps, and plans that comprise Perseus. Each link may have more than one possible destination, chosen from a pop-up menu.
Use the Historical Overview to investigate interrelated items from a historical context.
To open this resource, click the Historical Overview icon on the Gateway or choose Historical Overview from the Links menu.
1. Introduction to the Historical Overview in Perseus
2. Geographical and Historical Introduction
3. The Early Greek Dark Age and Revival in the Near East
4. Remaking Greek Civilization
5. The Archaic Age
6. The Late Archaic City-State
7. Introduction to Fifth-Century Greece
8. Clash Between Greeks and Persians
9. Athenian Empire in the Golden Age
10. Athenian Religious and Cultural Life in the Golden Age
11. Continuity and Change in Athenian Social and Intellectual History
12. The Peloponnesian War and Athenian Life
13. Introduction to Fourth-Century Greece
14. The Aftermath of the Peloponnesian War
15. New Directions in Philosophy and Education
16. The Creation of Macedonian Power
The Table of Contents (figure 6.1) shows the organization of topics within each section in outline form.
Figure 6.1 Historical Overview Table of Contents .
To follow along with the example described in this guide, scroll down and select topic 9.1.5, The Rebellion of Thasos.
Figure 6.2 Topic 9.1.5, The Rebellion of Thasos.
Click the right and left arrows on the Navigator Palette to move forward and backward in the Historical Overview.
Narrative in the Historical Overview is linked thematically to other Perseus resources. Linked text is underlined in gray and appears when the text field is locked. Text may also be unlocked so that you can use the text select tool to select text. After selecting text, you can use the Links Menu to find connections in other resources, or you can use the Perseus Menu to add the card to a Perseus path with selected text. For more information, see chapter 4.5 on the Links Menu and chapter 10.2 on Paths.
> Click Hide Links/Unlock Text to disable the links to other Perseus resources.
Note that the name of the button changes (toggles). When text is unlocked, you can change as well as select the text on the screen. These changes are not permanent, and they disappear when you leave the card.
> Click Show Links/Lock Text to enable the links.
In figure 6.2, the phrase "case of the city-state of the island of Thasos" is linked to other parts of Perseus.
To follow the example here, choose the phrase case of the city-state of the island of Thasos.
Links in the Historical Overview are coded according to category. Links to other parts of Perseus include the Atlas, site plans, texts, and views. Links to primary texts are indicated by the standard or Perseus canonical system of abbreviations, which includes the author, work, and references to the book, chapter, and line, as applicable. Appendix B contains the standard system of abbreviations used in the Historical Overview links.
A pop-up menu for the linked text is depicted below (figure 6.3). The phrase in this figure is linked to a Primary Text, the Atlas, two Views, a Site and the Browsing Tool.
Figure 6.3 Pop-up menu for linked text.
Try each available link in this example. To keep the Overview window open while linking with a resource, hold the shift key down while releasing the mouse. Please remember to close the recently-opened window when moving on.
> Click the Go Back icon on the Navigator Palette to return to the Historical Overview card from Primary Text or the Atlas. Close an image by clicking the box in the upper-left corner.
> Use the Lookup tool to find links of your own.
Click Hide Links/Unlock Text on the same topic described in the above example (9.1.5, The Rebellion of Thasos) so that you can select text. Highlight the word Thasos in the ninth line of text.
From the Links Menu, choose Lookup.
Because you have activated this choice on the Links Menu while a word was selected in your current location, Perseus has entered the selected text into the Lookup tool. Press Return, and in a few seconds, you will see a list of links for Thasos within Perseus (figure 6.4). Select a line to go to its link.
Figure 6.4 Lookup tool showing possible links for "Thasos."
Another way to make a link is with the English Index. Again, highlight Thasos from the text of the Historical Overview. Choose English Index from the Links menu. The English Index will make the search for you. Link to an item from the results field by selecting it and clicking the Go There button. For more information on the English Index, see chapter 5.3.
Each essay consists of two parts, a table of contents and a narrative section. Within the narrative, underlined words indicate a direct link to another part of Perseus. You can select the underlined words and choose a menu item from the Links menu to go directly to the reference. Advance from page to page in the Essays by clicking the Go Forward arrow on the Navigator Palette.
In the Historical Overview links are made from a pop-up menu; in the Essays and Catalogs, links to other Perseus resources are made by clicking an illustration or selecting text.
To open this resource, click the Essays & Catalogs icon on the Gateway or choose Essays & Catalogs from the Links menu.
Figure 6.5 Kleophrades Painter essay Table of Contents.
To follow the example here, select Stylistic Characteristics from the Table of Contents. The essay topic appears (figure 6.6). Note the three buttons in the upper right: Table of Contents, Hide Illustrations, and Find Text. Clicking Table of Contents returns you to the Table of Contents of the essay. To return to the Essays & Catalogs Index, release the mouse on the item Essays & Catalogs under the Links menu.
Figure 6.6 Kleophrades Painter essay.
Note that illustrations field will be empty if no illustrations are mentioned in the text.
Find Text is a utility for finding a word or phrase in the body of the essay. Click the button Find Text and enter a word or phrase. Click Search, and Perseus will find the first instance of the word or phrase. Click Cancel if you change your mind.
There are many other references in the essay to vases and secondary sources. Those which are underlined indicate links within Perseus to specific vases and to the Sources Used stack. You can recognize vases because their references begin with the collection name, such as Boston, Munich, and so on. To see one of these reference links, select it then choose the Lookup tool from the Links menu.
These essays work in the same way as The Kleophrades Painter essay. They are indexed by a table of contents. Click illustrations in the field at the bottom to see them. Other links are also available to the Vase catalog and the Sources Used stack.
The first card in this stack is the Table of Contents (figure 6.7). Select a vase from this list by scrolling down to locate the vase you want, then clicking once on the line describing it. The program will search for that vase and take you to the catalog card where its description starts.
Figure 6.7 Caskey & Beazley Table of Contents.
Figure 6.8 Caskey-Beazley catalog. Note the Hide/Show Views button is toggled to show Views.
The Vase Catalog button provides a link to the full Perseus vase catalog (of which Views is the bottom part).
> To go to the Vase Catalog card, select an underlined vase reference (i.e., Boston 01.8025) and click the mouse on the Vase Catalog button.
Bibliographical references contained in the Perseus Bibliography are usually cited in an abbreviated form and underlined. Examples may be seen in the next card of the Caskey-Beazley catalog, Additional Bibliography.
> To look up any underlined bibliographic references, select the reference where it appears in the catalog, (e.g., Buitron 1972) then choose Sources Used from the Links menu.
Finally, it is possible to move around the Caskey-Beazley catalog by typing one of three possible citation systems into the dialog window brought up by the Go To button.
> To go to the Caskey-Beazley card containing the Kneeling Silen, click the Go To button and type in the Caskey-Beazley Number (No. 6), the Caskey-Beazley Volume and Page (Vol. i p. 6) or the Accession Number (Boston 10.212)
The Stewart Scupture essay is indexed by a Table of Contents. From the Table of Contents, click the topic 2. THE LITERARY SOURCES to follow the example below (figure 6.9).
Figure 6.9 Stewart sculpture essay.
Available links within Perseus are to the Sculpture catalog, Primary Texts and Sources Used. The links are indicated by an underlined references in the text, which you must select. Now choose the appropriate item from the Links menu, i.e., Primary Texts, Sculpture or Sources Used.
Advance or turn back from page to page using the Forward and Backward arrows on the Navigator Palette.
The essay provides three accounts of the way a trial may have occurred on three separate occasions in a span of one hundred and forty years. The days fall within the periods 460 to 410 (roughly), 409-340, and 340 (roughly) to 322.
"Three Court Days" works in the same way as vase painting essays in Perseus. It is indexed by a table of contents. Click topic lines to see the body of the essay. Within the body of the essay, paragraphs are shown on separate cards. They are titled by paragraph number within each of the six sections. For example, Paragraph 4.13 is the thirteenth paragraph within section 4. To go to the next paragraph within this section, use the forward arrow on the Navigator Palette. To go to the beginning of the section, click its title in the field above the text. Click the Table of Contents button in the upper right to return to the topic list.
At certain points in the essay there are references to texts in Perseus. These references are indicated by an underline (figure 6.10). To go directly to a text reference, highlight the text, then choose Lookup from the Links menu and press Return. Remember that you can open the text reference in a new window by holding the shift key down while choosing an item from the Links menu. (The Settings option lets you specify whether windows will be opened as an addition or replacement to the current window. Holding the shift key down while you click temporarily reverses this choice.)
Figure 6.10 Text references in Three Court Days.
Perseus contains information, illustrations, and images about the art and archaeology of ancient Greece. The Art & Archaeology resource is the main repository for this information, although relevant entries are also found in the essays, the Encyclopedia, and other resources in Perseus. Information is contained in five catalogs: Sites, Architecture, Sculpture, Pottery, and Coins. Each catalog is organized according to a structure based on the unique characteristics of its objects. For example, Architecture is indexed by site, building type, period, and date, while Coins are indexed by collection, mint, region, issuing authority, denomination, period and date.
All objects in the Art & Archaeology catalogs are documented in text and visual formats. Each object is documented according to the best information available. Not all characteristics are known for all objects, however, and so there are sometimes blanks. Again, dates identified for archaeological objects are approximate. Each entry is accompanied by color photographs and illustrated site plans, as applicable. The catalogs are also linked with one another. For example, the Sculpture catalog indicates the building on which a sculpture is located, and the Architecture catalog indicates the site at which the building is located.
The Browser (described in chapter 5.1) provides a primary point of entry to the Art & Archaeology catalogs. The Browser searches for objects by attribute or keyword and summarizes the results of the search in textual and visual formats. From the Browser you can investigate individual objects in detail by opening the Art & Archaeology catalogs. You may also use the catalog indexes and the Links menu to open the Art & Archaeology catalogs.
Figure 6.11 Art & Archaeology Index.
Perseus displays a detailed index of the resources available for the selected category. For example, if you clicked "Index by region" under the category Sites, a detailed index of sites sorted by region appears.
> From the Gateway, click the Art & Archaeology icon, then click Index by region under the topic Sites. Or choose Sites from the Links menu, then choose the item Region from the Index Type pop-up menu.
Perseus displays a more detailed index that shows the list of sites in the left column. On any of the detailed index displays, the list in the left column is based on the type of index selected, which is indicated by the icon and title at the top of the display. The detailed index for sites listed by region is depicted below (figure 6.12).
Figure 6.12 Site Index by Region.
Try the other three indexes. Return to Index by Region to follow the rest of this description, which will use the site at Delphi by way of example.
> Scroll down and click Phocis under the region list in the left column.
The left column lists regions. The right column lists the sites in the selected region, Phocis. The name of the selected region appears above the right column.
The sites are listed in two categories: Documented Sites and Photographs Only. Documented Sites means that the site has a full catalog entry. Photographs Only means that the catalog entry has only a Site Summary, blank except for region information. Undocumented sites are included to provide access to Perseus images of these sites.
> Click Delphi under the site list in the right column.
For sites listed under Documented, the full catalog entry consists of a Site Summary and a Site Description.
The Site Summary for Delphi is depicted below (figure 6.13). The name of this site is displayed above the site information.
Figure 6.13 Site Catalog card containing Summary for Delphi.
The views are digitized images or videodisc still-frames, depending on your Perseus Settings and your equipment. The views available for the selected site are listed alphabetically below the site information. The number of views available is also displayed.
> Click a view to see a digitized or videodisc image.
Your Perseus Settings (available from the Gateway) control the display of digitized images, videodisc images, or both. Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen. Settings are described in general in chapter 4.2 and in detail in chapter 10.5.
> Click the close box of the image, upper left, if you are using digitized images.
NOTE: The images are not stored in HyperCard and therefore should be treated differently from other Perseus elements. In particular, you must click the close box to remove an image. If the window is not active, click in the title bar. If you use the Navigator while an image window is open, Perseus will respond, but you will be unable to see the response if the image window is covering the active HyperCard window.
One hundred twenty views are available for Delphi. The Thumbnail Browser shows miniature images of the available views. The Thumbnail Browser is described in chapter 5.2.
When Perseus displays the article, the name of this button changes to Summary. Click Summary to return to the Summary on the Site Catalog card. Clicking Index returns you to the Site Index.
Figure 6.14 Site Description for Delphi.
Direct links to other Perseus material are indicated in the description by underlined references. Many references are to primary texts, showing the author's name and the abbreviated text citation. Other references are sources cited for the description.
To use these links, select the underlined reference, choose the Lookup tool from the Links menu and press Return. References to Primary Texts will go directly to the text. For other Perseus resources (for example, the reference to Leekley and Efstratiou 1980) highlight the text, choose Lookup from the Links menu, press Return and click on the results in the right column.
> Click the Go Back arrow on the Navigator Palette to return to the Site Summary for Delphi.
> Click Overview plan of site (sm.) in the list of Plans & Views to see a small-scale overview plan of Delphi.
The small site plan for Delphi is depicted below (figure 6.15). Drawing credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.
Figure 6.15 Schematic plan of site (Delphi).
> Choose Site Catalog from the Plan Menu to see the Site Summary.
> Click the Go Back arrow on the Navigator Palette to return to the small site plan.
> Click the button Sanctuary Phases to bring up a Composite Site Plan. Now choose one of the items from the pop-up menu Construction Phases. The plan shows the layout of the site during the selected phase (figure 6.16).
Figure 6.16 Site Plan of Delphi ca. 500-450 B.C. with Construction Phase pop-up menu.
Return to the Site Catalog card for Delphi by releasing the mouse on the item Site Catalog under the Plan menu. From the Site Catalog card click Overview of site (lg.).
The large site plan is a large, detailed plan. The large site plan uses a scroll window, a Plan Menu, and active areas on the plan that can be clicked for more information. The large site plan for Delphi is depicted below (figure 6.17).
Figure 6.17 Large site plan for Delphi showing scrolling window and "active" sanctuary of Apollo (see Identify Architecture on Site Plan, below).
> Move the rectangle to move around the full map window. (Place the cursor in the center of the rectangle and drag it to a new location.)
> Resize the current map window to increase or decrease the map size. (Place the cursor near an edge or corner of the rectangle and drag it to resize the rectangle.)
If necessary, review the information in chapter 4.1 about the scroll window.
The first item is Show Image Buttons (or Go to Plan with Image Buttons, depending whether image buttons are available for the current Site Plan). This item toggles to Hide Image Buttons, which you can use if you want to put the Image Buttons away.
> Choose Show Image Buttons from the Plan Menu.
Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen. If you are viewing a digitized image, you must click the close box to remove the image.
> Choose Show Scroll Window from the Plan Menu to make the scroll window appear.
> Move the mouse over a building in the large site plan you wish to explore. If the building is active, i.e., if there are links to an architectural plan and description, the building will become highlighted (figure 6.17). Click on the building to bring up the further information.
If the image buttons are showing, this feature will be inoperative. Choose Hide Image Buttons from the Plan menu.
If the building is in the Perseus Architecture catalog, a dialog box appears showing the name of the building and site, with the choices to see a plan for that building, see a catalog article for the building, or cancel. Not every building at a site is cataloged.
NOTE: A quick way to find out which buildings on a site plan are active is to simultaneously depress the option and command keys. Active areas are surrounded by a gray rectangle. Release these keys before you click the building.
Architecture is indexed in five ways: all buildings and by site, building type, period, and date. The description here uses the Index by building type as an example.
Perseus displays an alphabetical list of building types in the left column. The detailed index for architecture listed by building types is depicted below (figure 6.18).
Figure 6.18 Detailed index for architecture listed by building types.
Try the other index types to see their detailed indexes. Return the selection to the Index by building type to follow the rest of this description.
The left column lists building types. When a building type is selected, the right column lists the sites at which this type of building is located. The number of buildings of the selected type is also displayed.
> Click Bouleuterion under the list of building types in the left column.
Ten sites with bouleuteria are listed in the right column.
> Click Olympia,Bouleuterion under the list of buildings in the right column.
The full catalog entry consists of an Architecture Catalog card with Summary and an Architecture Description.
Architectural information for the selected building includes, as applicable, the site, date, period, and type. A summary of the building is also displayed.
Perseus displays a site plan and indicates the building by flashing its location.
> Click the building to see a more detailed building plan.
A message window appears asking if you wish to see the Plan, return to the Catalog or Cancel your request. To go to the building plan, click Plan.
> Put the Plan away by clicking the close box, upper left. Click the Go Back arrow on the Navigator Palette once to return to the catalog description for the Bouleuterion in Olympia.
> Click a view to see an image.
Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.
> Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.
NOTE: The images are not stored in HyperCard. You must click the close box to remove an image. If the window is not active, click in the title bar. If you use the Navigator while an image window is open, Perseus will respond, but you will be unable to see the response if the image window is covering the active HyperCard window.
The description of the building includes, as applicable, information on its plan, history, construction, and dimensions. Sources and general bibliographic information are included, as applicable. Related entries in the sculpture catalog are listed under See Also.
The description may have underlined references that indicate a link elsewhere in Perseus. Many of the references are from the Sources Used stack. Others are literary references to Primary Texts. To use these links, select the underlined reference, choose the Lookup tool from the Links menu and press Return. References to Primary Texts will go directly to the text (for example, Paus. 5.10.3). For other Perseus resources (for example, the reference to Mallwitz 1972) highlight the text, choose the Lookup tool, press return and click on the results in the right column.
Sculpture is indexed in eight ways: by type, material, sculptor, collection, context, associated building, period, and date. Because information on each sculpture varies, not all sculptures appear on each index. It is possible to choose an index type and not see all sculptures included in Perseus. The description here uses the Index by type as an example.
Perseus displays an alphabetical list of sculpture types in the left column.
There are two ways to identify sculpture in Perseus: by title and by collection name. In many instances, figures are better known by their collection name. A Title/Catalog toggle button enables you to see sculptures listed by their title or by their catalog identification.
The detailed index for sculpture listed by sculpture types is depicted below (figure 6.19).
Figure 6.19 Detailed index for sculpture listed by sculpture types.
Try the other index types to see their detailed indexes. Return the selection to the Index of sculptures by type to follow the rest of this description.
The left column lists sculpture types. When a sculpture type is selected, the right column lists the sculptures. The number of sculptures of the selected type is also displayed above the list of sculptures.
> Click Architectural-Metope under the list of sculpture types in the left column.
Thirty-four sculptures are listed in the right column.
> Click Olympia Metopes Overview under the list of sculptures in the right column.
The full catalog entry consists of a Sculpture Catalog card with Summary and a Sculpture Description.
Information for the selected sculpture includes the catalog number, collection, subject, material, sculptor, type, context, date, and period, as applicable.
> Click a view to see an image.
Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.
> Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.
NOTE: The images are not stored in HyperCard. You must click the close box to remove an image. If the window is not active, click in the title bar. If you use the Navigator while an image window is open, Perseus will respond, but you will be unable to see the response if the image window is covering the active HyperCard window.
The description of the sculpture includes, as applicable, information on its scale, dimensions, and collection history. Sources and general bibliographic information are also included, as applicable. Related entries in the architecture catalog are listed under See Also.
The description may have underlined references that indicate a link elsewhere in Perseus. Many of the references are from the Sources Used stack. Others are literary references to Primary Texts. To use these links, select the underlined reference, choose the Lookup tool from the Links menu and press Return. References to Primary Texts will go directly to the text (for example, Paus. 5.10.3). For other Perseus resources (for example, the reference to Mallwitz 1972) highlight the text, choose Lookup from the Links menu, press Return and click the results in the right column.
Pottery is indexed in eight ways: by shape, ware, painter, potter, collection, context, period, and date before and after 500 b.c. In addition to the Caskey-Beazley catalog of the vase collection of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, additional published indexes have been incorporated into Perseus 2.0, including regional U.S. indexes by Buitron, Moon, Williams, and Shapiro; Beazley's ABV and ARV2 indexes; and the Furtwängler & Reichhold index. These special indexes are described below. Because the information known about each vase varies, not all vases appear in each index.
> To go to the Vase Index from the Gateway, click the Art & Archaeology icon, then click Index by painter under the topic Vases. Or from anywhere within Perseus, choose Vases from the Links menu, then choose Painter from the Index Type pop-up menu.
Perseus displays an alphabetical list of painters in the left column. The detailed index for pots listed by painter is depicted below (figure 6.20).
Figure 6.20 Detailed index for pottery listed by painter.
> Choose a different index from the Index Type pop-up menu.
Try the other index types to see their detailed indexes. Return the selection to the Index of pots by painters to follow the rest of this description.
The left column lists painters. When a painter is selected, the right column lists pots by that painter. The number of pots of the selected type is also displayed above the list of pots.
> Click Achilles Painter under the list of painters in the left column.
Seventeen vases painted by Achilles Painter are listed in the right column according to the catalog label, for example, London D48.
> Click London D48 under the list of vases in the right column.
The full catalog entry consists of a Vase Catalog card with Summary and a Vase Description (figure 6.21).
Figure 6.21 Vase Catalog card.
Information for the selected vase includes the catalog number, collection, ware, shape, decoration, painter, potter, date and period, as applicable.
> Click a view to see an image.
Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.
> Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.
NOTE: The images are not stored in HyperCard. You must click the close box to remove an image. If the window is not active, click in the title bar. If you use the Navigator while an image window is open, Perseus will respond, but you will be unable to see the response if the image window is covering the active HyperCard window.
The description of the vase includes, as applicable, information on catalog number, decoration, ceramic phase, shape, fabric description, inscriptions, graffiti, dimensions, preservation, condition, parallels, date, collection history, primary citation, bibliography, and vase description author.
The description may have underlined references that indicate a link elsewhere in Perseus. The Pottery Descriptions have several links to the Caskey-Beazley essay. Many other references are to the Sources Used stack and to Primary Texts. To use these links, select the underlined reference, choose the Lookup tool from the Links menu and press Return. References to Primary Texts will go directly to the text (for example, Paus. 5.10.3). For other Perseus resources (for example, the reference to Mallwitz 1972) highlight the text, choose Lookup from the Links menu, press Return and click the results in the right column.
J.D. Beazley, Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters (Contents)
J.D. Beazley, Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters (Page References)
J.D. Beazley, Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters 2, Paralipomena and Addenda (Page References)
U.S. Regional Catalogs compiled by Buitron, Moon, Shipiro and Williams
Furtwängler and Reichhold Index
The specialized vase publications may be reached from the Gateway by clicking on the Art & Archaeology icon, then clicking on Vase Publications Index under the topic Vases. Or, from anywhere within Perseus, choose Vases from the Links menu, then click the button Go to Vase Publs.
Perseus will bring up the Vase Publications Index (figure 6.22).
Figure 6.22 Specialized Vase Publications Index.
> Click the button Go to Vase Index to return to the Vase Index.
Figure 6.23 Pottery Index using Beazley ARV2.
The ARV2 Catalog as it appears in Perseus has been edited. It contains only those vases which are also in Perseus 2.0.
> To see a list of vases contained in Perseus and described in an ARV2 Book, scroll up or down the central field to see displayed all 20 books of ARV2. Click on Book 1, and a list of all 40 painters in Perseus covered by Beazley in Book 1 will appear in the field at the bottom. Also the book number and title will be displayed in the field above (figure 6.22).
Click on a vase catalog number in the field below to go to the Perseus Vase Catalog card for that vase.
> To see a list of vases contained in Perseus and described in an ARV2 Chapter, scroll up or down until you come to the desired chapter. Click Chapter 1, and a list of all 10 painters in Perseus covered by Beazley in Chapter 1 will appear in the field at the bottom. The field at the top will reflect your choice.
> To see a list of vases contained in Perseus and described in an ARV2 painter article, scroll up or down until you come to the desired painter. Click on Andokides Panter, and a list of the four vases in Perseus covered by Beazley in this article will appear in the field at the bottom. The field at the top will reflect your choice.
Figure 6.24 Beazley ABV Page References.
> Click an ABV page reference to go to its Vase Catalog card in Perseus.
These indexes have been edited for Perseus, and they behave in the same way as the ABV Index above.
Figure 6.25 Furtwängler & Reichhold Index.
Coins are indexed in eight ways: by mint, metal, region, issuing authority, denomination, collection, period, and date. Issuing authority is the ruler under whose authority the coin was issued. In contrast, mint is the place where the coin was minted. If the coin was issued by an autonomous city rather than a ruler, then no issuing authority is listed (it is the same as the mint).
The description here uses the Index by mint as an example.
Perseus displays an alphabetical list of mints in the left column. The detailed index for coins listed by mint is depicted below (figure 6.26).
Figure 6.26 Detailed index for coins listed by mint.
Try the other index types to see their detailed indexes. Return the selection to the Index by mint to follow the rest of this description.
The left column lists mints. When a mint is selected, the right column lists the coins issued by that mint. The number of coins of the selected type is also displayed.
> Scroll down and click Leukas under the list of mints in the left column.
The seven coins in Perseus issued by Leukas are listed in the right column according to the catalog label, for example, Dewing 1808.
> Click one of the coins in the right column.
The full coin description consists of a Coin Catalog card with Summary and a Coin Description.
Information for the selected coin includes the collection, metal, denomination, weight, die axis, mint, and issuing authority, as applicable. Summaries of the obverse and reverse sides and the date are also displayed.
> Click a view to see an image.
Image credits appear in a floating window that can be closed or repositioned on the screen.
Each white or black bar on the scale at the left of the image represents actual size of one centimetre.
> Click the close box of the image, if you are using digitized images.
NOTE: The images are not stored in HyperCard. You must click the close box to remove an image. If the window is not active, click in the title bar. If you use the Navigator while an image window is open, Perseus will respond, but you will be unable to see the response if the image window is covering the active HyperCard window.