Thematic Index of Classics in JStor

Article Themes

This page lists the automatically detected themes present in this article. The words shown for each theme reflect the overall content of the theme, and may not appear in this particular article.

For each theme, you can also find other articles from the same year.

The work presented here was developed by David Mimno under the Cybereditions Project, an effort led by the Perseus Project at Tufts University and funded by the Mellon Foundation.

New Interpretations of Aristophanes Frogs 1249-1328

E. K. Borthwick

Phoenix. (Spring, 1994) pp. 21-41

Full text at JStor

[472 words] aristophanes, comedy, comic, play, chorus, plays, poet, frogs, actors, clouds, euripides, stage, birds, audience, wasps, tragedy, knights, athenian, actor, tragic, acharnians, peace, dramatic, athens, dionysus, cratinus, poets, scene, lysistrata, theatre

[271 words] euripides, play, sophocles, aeschylus, plays, tragedy, chorus, drama, dramatic, tragic, ajax, prometheus, greek_tragedy, scene, stage, audience, euripidean, action, antigone, lines, tragedies, medea, oedipus, actor, poet, choral, bacchae, electra, characters, actors

[268 words] dance, music, song, dancing, chorus, lyre, musical, performance, songs, singing, dances, choral, sing, dancers, dithyramb, aulos, sung, performed, instrument, flute, dancer, muses, solo, voice, lawler, opera, choruses, hymn, dithyrambic, lillian

[214 words] himself, young, ever, whom, every, your, days, things, mind, wrote, spirit, enough, something, true, famous, friend, words, youth, country, poet, knew, high, become, love, take, poor, name, story, master, living

[146 words] hippolytus, phaedra, sexual, laughter, nurse, phallus, aphrodite, theseus, priapus, euripides, barrett, aidos, mime, laugh, obscene, adams, henderson, phallic, herodas, penis, joke, vocatives, play, smile, humor, artemis, address, erotic, male, interjection

[137 words] your, something, take, things, thing, enough, done, really, anything, himself, look, mind, mean, away, going, want, keep, matter, sort, every, kind, doing, else, tell, suppose, having, ever, words, help, understand

[132 words] source, text, sources, passage, information, works, passages, written, version, fragments, name, authors, quoted, tradition, literary, mention, fragment, extant, books, himself, wrote, early, writers, title, commentary, quotations, texts, derived, knowledge, collection

[109 words] metrical, metre, iambic, verse, strophe, lyric, rhythm, anceps, cola, resolution, colon, trochaic, short, meter, verses, syllable, metron, antistrophe, responsion, syllables, dimeter, anapaests, trimeter, trimeters, word-end, glyconic, ionic, dale, dactylic, aeolic

[90 words] women, marriage, children, woman, wife, family, child, slave, mother, husband, slaves, daughter, married, father, male, female, her_husband, parents, his_wife, status, wives, household, young, girl, bride, marry, birth, sons, girls, sexual

[83 words] lines, line, words, verse, repetition, word, verses, phrase, position, pattern, beginning, structure, formula, sentence, repeated, effect, phrases, emphasis, metrical, poem, adjective, sense, verbal, clause, caesura, arrangement, passage, verb, preceding, formulae

[83 words] medea, helen, jason, philoctetes, neoptolemus, apollonius, euripides, menelaus, argonauts, valerius, odysseus, argonautica, play, children, troy, argo, story, theseus, neoptolemos, aegeus, andromache, scene, epic, walcott, episode, herself, hermione, ariadne, fleece, pelias

[81 words] himself, true, truth, matter, criticism, merely, facts, really, real, passage, attempt, false, claim, accept, words, knowledge, belief, enough, regard, prove, makes, error, simply, wrong, statements, critics, surely, actually, serious, take

[78 words] speech, words, himself, speaker, audience, lines, situation, scene, action, address, makes, line, speak, asks, addressed, response, begins, take, effect, immediately, reply, comes, your, speaking, speaks, moment, advice, beginning, passage, questions

[77 words] language, words, effect, literary, poet, expression, tone, contrast, speech, passages, reader, manner, poetry, himself, rhetorical, passage, dramatic, prose, poetic, uses, technique, lines, characteristic, theme, writing, treatment, makes, serious, kind, familiar

[77 words] word, meaning, sense, words, term, uses, phrase, passage, mean, context, passages, usage, applied, verb, expression, refer, language, refers, meanings, adjective, idea, meant, equivalent, elsewhere, describe, latin, technical, epithet, definition, simply

[71 words] soph, sense, jebb, aeschylus, aesch, euripides, sophocles, text, line, reading, fraenkel, hermann, wilamowitz, wecklein, diggle, passage, murray, word, hipp, editors, codd, page, emendation, headlam, conjecture, pearson, verse, dawe, paley, andr

[64 words] orestes, agamemnon, chorus, oedipus, play, electra, aeschylus, clytemnestra, antigone, sophocles, creon, scene, euripides, apollo, aegisthus, cassandra, murder, audience, action, eteocles, lines, oresteia, iphigenia, troy, sacrifice, curse, hecuba, eumenides, thebes, city

[52 words] sappho, hesiod, poem, homer, page, alcaeus, poets, fragment, poetry, anacreon, poet, stesichorus, pindar, poems, alcman, fragments, lyric, aphrodite, hymn, lines, lobel, girl, archilochus, ibycus, corinna, simonides, epic, bowra, papyrus, allen

[51 words] schol, plut, frag, paus, arist, diod, athen, soph, alex, aesch, dion, strabo, pind, suidas, aristoph, fgrhist, hesych, plat, suda, quoted, pollux, apollod, suid, aristot, lycophron, phot, rhod, bibl, fgrh, serv

[50 words] context, simply, position, hypothesis, argued, text, makes, claim, explain, suggestion, correct, grounds, reasons, alternative, actually, argue, moreover, attempt, surely, obvious, accept, argues, unlikely, enough, issue, sense, passage, presumably, difficulties, plausible

[50 words] himself, friends, political, personal, public, friend, whom, friendship, attitude, position, reputation, conduct, having, towards, toward, enemies, praise, private, cause, return, influence, claim, speech, charges, power, true, actions, themselves, felt, career

[45 words] role, context, image, contrast, sense, narrative, audience, reader, text, power, language, theme, images, function, traditional, reading, imagery, himself, becomes, makes, central, literary, complex, focus, meaning, perspective, status, level, process, emphasis

[44 words] kcai, tcov, icai, passage, kata, kati, kaci, icat, kcti, kait, nepi, kcat, oiov, tflv, epyov, pipilo, ckai, touto, xprjv, xpctv, xprv, otov, tiva, touq, xpcv, kcli, eoti, votto, iepov, tilv

[43 words] passage, sense, text, meaning, sentence, words, word, reading, phrase, line, mean, translation, clause, context, lines, follows, editors, refer, difficulty, verb, makes, emendation, take, refers, preceding, expression, passages, correct, understood, translates

[41 words] games, athletic, contest, olympia, contests, victory, race, festival, festivals, athletes, victor, game, athletics, victors, wrestling, stadium, prize, events, olympic, gardiner, competition, pausanias, athlete, boxing, prizes, circus, gladiatorial, olympic_games, spectators, victories

[37 words] smith, irish, shelley, eliot, classics, peng, ireland, douglas, woolf, prin, roman_britain, commentary, ares, adams, greece, hack, early_christianity, sing, bril, celtic, mary, harv, guide, pope, benj, anag, focus, alden, tham, nort

[34 words] love, himself, fear, anger, passion, moral, violence, suicide, punishment, desire, woman, herself, contrast, suffering, makes, victim, gods, evil, power, pity, shame, fate, situation, grief, cause, violent, behavior, becomes, theme, madness

[33 words] sign, sumerian, proteron, hysteron, glossed, lugalbanda, deimel, agga, tammuz, hecatomnids, budge, hecatomnid, ruzicka, pictogram, mausolus, artemisia, jacobsen, macehead, hornblower, kramer, chalmers, geme, enki, chinese, gilgamesh, values, gurus, birhurturri, sepositus, ball

[33 words] eyes, thou, your, night, earth, away, heart, thee, blood, forth, love, simile, sleep, beauty, tears, mind, poet, lines, heaven, hands, comes, words, gods, song, water, face, sound, passage, dark, sweet

[31 words] story, king, himself, told, tale, night, city, sent, house, killed, away, having, whom, father, took, home, stories, wife, his_father, version, woman, child, return, dream, his_wife, dead, gave, children, mother, hands

[27 words] empedocles, parmenides, heraclitus, aristotle, anaxagoras, diels, things, anaximander, theophrastus, democritus, fragment, earth, fragments, xenophanes, simplicius, kirk, fire, opposites, strife, doctrine, guthrie, aetius, zeno, frag, presocratic, water, philosophy, cosmogony, cosmic, melissus

[27 words] true, passage, words, merely, matter, position, suppose, regard, name, enough, natural, mention, difficulty, period, prove, having, regarded, himself, except, facts, really, naturally, supposed, definite, makes, assumed, alone, correct, actually, referred

[26 words] petronius, trimalchio, satyricon, encolpius, aristoxenus, cena, eumolpus, juvenal, tone, musical, intervals, diatonic, octave, interval, pitch, enharmonic, modes, instrument, instruments, pipes, scales, chromatic, tetrachord, damon, music, pipe, tones, sullivan, string, aulos

[26 words] pour, mais, nous, comme, cette, avec, sont, meme, deux, fait, bien, etre, aussi, elle, entre, tout, dont, leur, sans, autre, peut, etait, donc, avait, voir, autres, apres, ainsi, encore, chez

[26 words] english, shakespeare, wycl, milton, chaucer, tynd, cran, rest, davidson, noyes, byron, dryden, rendering, alford, dean, darby, england, troilus, gloss, jonson, hamlet, halliwell, thou, lord, wright, vocab, tischendorf, tregelles, spenser, campbell

[26 words] callimachus, epigram, poem, epigrams, poet, poems, poetry, archilochus, hellenistic, poets, anth, simonides, theognis, lines, pfeiffer, aetia, fragment, meleager, callimachean, page, line, hymn, hipponax, poetic, tyrtaeus, palladas, literary, theocritus, elegy, epitaph

[25 words] statius, hercules, seneca, thyestes, silvae, thebaid, atreus, polynices, theb, octavia, eteocles, tydeus, adrastus, senecan, silv, tragedies, melior, silius, martial, play, jupiter, tantalus, zwierlein, etruscus, epic, duel, phaed, thebes, furens, plays

[25 words] christian, pagan, augustine, christians, christianity, jerome, church, eusebius, bishop, christ, ambrose, tertullian, prudentius, gregory, paul, letter, religious, persecution, pagans, basil, bishops, migne, clement, origen, new_testament, paganism, acts, chrysostom, gospel, letters

[25 words] plutarch, diodorus, jacoby, demetrius, source, athenaeus, ephorus, story, theopompus, aristotle, plut, lives, fgrhist, sources, tradition, biography, moralia, themistocles, fgrh, dionysius, nepos, apollodorus, fragments, hellanicus, suda, diogenes, wehrli, timaeus, anecdote, historian

[25 words] text, translation, edition, volume, introduction, books, pages, commentary, illustrations, translations, works, index, volumes, useful, page, maps, texts, english, chapter, editions, latin, reader, translated, contains, authors, chapters, excellent, review, scholarship, full

[24 words] text, reading, readings, manuscripts, manuscript, edition, error, errors, tradition, scribe, correct, editors, archetype, variants, omitted, emendation, corrected, correction, variant, passages, written, corrections, omission, source, apparatus, corruption, texts, editions, conjecture, copied

[24 words] proverb, proverbs, gnomai, prophasis, gnome, maxim, phryne, maxims, wisdom, mccredie, adynaton, deip, hyperides, saying, sayings, glaukos, expressions, adynata, aitia, contradictory, proverbial, paroem, euthias, excuse, lardinois, disrobing, duport, ayav, dementat, gnomic

[24 words] horace, juvenal, satire, lucilius, persius, satires, poet, poem, maecenas, satirist, lines, martial, serm, himself, literary, poetry, satura, horatian, epistle, epistles, epist, ars_poetica, poets, nasidienus, sermones, satiric, rudd, umbricius, lucilian, line

[22 words] moon, stars, aratus, star, earth, planets, astronomical, signs, rising, zodiac, astronomy, ptolemy, comet, venus, sign, manilius, astrology, orion, horoscope, astrological, constellation, setting, pleiades, night, celestial, eclipse, mercury, hours, saturn, constellations

[22 words] berkeley, trans, essays, leiden, commentary, los_angeles, ithaca, mass, baltimore, early, politics, ancient_greece, myth, tapa, tradition, clarendon_press, amsterdam, introduction, vols, phoenix, greece, diss, ann_arbor, stuttgart, origins, reading, arethusa, review, routledge, rhetoric

[20 words] hair, dress, worn, weaving, clothing, garment, purple, cloth, costume, wear, wearing, garments, loom, wool, women, clothes, cloak, textiles, toga, shoes, wore, linen, textile, woven, warp, tunic, robe, dressed, spinning, wild

[20 words] gloss, glosses, glossary, festus, word, glossaries, item, latin, items, goetz, philox, paulus, abstrusa, paul, abolita, hild, prod, virgil, lemma, placidus, isidore, plac, loewe, abol, philoxenus, dicitur, isid, abstr, gildas, genus

[19 words] tree, trees, plant, plants, garden, fruit, bees, flowers, pliny, wild, olive, laurel, gardens, flower, apple, wood, seeds, leaves, columella, species, pine, theophrastus, cultivated, root, vine, vines, cavities, seed, planted, planting

[19 words] passage, kata, tovs, rpos, kara, trov, rovs, kalt, avrov, rapa, katl, tovto, repl, tols, words, aaaa, evov, passages, kacl, follows, evos, otov, rots, avtov, kcal, rept, elval, tovtov, rtov, a7ro

[18 words] eius, erat, ante, inter, anno, inde, fuit, milia, livy, apud, annos, usque, urbem, deinde, erant, quoque, urbis, atque, dies, etiam, nunc, bellum, quem, autem, loco, romae, diem, castra, quia, quibus

[18 words] animals, animal, birds, fish, bird, dogs, sheep, species, eagle, hunting, fable, goat, lion, wild, beasts, goats, pliny, wolf, cattle, swallow, creatures, hunt, deer, bones, lions, cock, young, aristotle, nightingale, simile

[17 words] word, lexicon, liddell, pollux, semitic, hebr, hesychius, scott, hebrew, assyrian, etymology, meaning, words, latin, arabic, dictionary, frisk, derived, syriac, liddell-scott-jones, zdmg, borrowed, keller, name, dictionnaire, derives, bochart, boisacq, connected, arab

[17 words] a7ro, kata, icat, rapa, rpos, ical, kcal, wpos, wvos, v7re, column, orib, trov, a7roxxo, atea, evov, otos, rozs, ptov, rpls, tovs

[17 words] name, names, named, etymology, nomen, naming, cognomen, word, his_name, praenomen, hermogenes, etymological, cognomina, latin, wordplay, cratylus, proper_names, patronymic, derived, proper_name, praenomina, nomina, etymologizing, title, etymologies, correctness, gentile, conventionalism, spelling, ethnic

[17 words] analysis, sources, understanding, individual, information, context, questions, literary, texts, development, role, provide, structure, aspects, early, basic, complex, traditional, range, provides, data, function, significant, patterns, process, useful, pattern, attempt, limited, techniques

[16 words] period, early, development, influence, forms, developed, earliest, tradition, stage, beginning, became, become, changes, periods, characteristic, process, result, tendency, greater, true, sixth, introduced, throughout, marked, fourth, stages, longer, began, fifth_century, simple

[15 words] lucian, satura, alciphron, dialogue, peregrinus, livy, dial, dialogues, aelian, saturam, cynic, menippus, saturae, courtesans, courtesan, reich, timon, korinna, hendrickson, longus, nigrinus, parasite, andronicus, cynics, iconistic, solecist, sophist, iocularia, mort, anacharsis

[14 words] dead, magic, burial, funeral, body, rites, magical, belief, divination, ritual, custom, tomb, buried, omen, corpse, power, omens, frazer, superstition, rite, cremation, bones, spirits, gods, practices, religious, deceased, lupercalia, funerary, romans

[14 words] verse, accent, syllable, foot, words, word, metrical, syllables, latin, short, caesura, rhythm, line, ictus, hexameter, elision, hiatus, feet, lines, verses, iambic, prose, pause, quantity, metre, position, stress, fourth, forms, trochaic

[14 words] edition, scholia, text, codex, manuscripts, manuscript, saec, editions, libri, readings, bibl, parisinus, teubner, moschopulean, scaliger, aiax, dindorf, printed, codices, stephanus, turyn, commentary, moschopulus, scholium, collated, contains, vita, collation, vaticanus, leiden

[13 words] army, city, military, took, troops, himself, control, power, events, position, situation, policy, force, sent, return, revolt, attack, victory, peace, forces, defeat, action, soon, attempt, success, battle, enemy, became, command, remained

[13 words] women, female, male, woman, gender, feminine, masculine, sexual, males, amazons, females, feminist, masculinity, inlaw, sexuality, skinner, desire, gendered, slides, thesmophoria, bottiger, feminism, oikos, mcclure, cross-dressing, richlin, irigaray, greene, kinsman, men_and_women

[13 words] dionysius, plato, longinus, thucydides, thuc, xenophon, demosthenes, prose, lysias, attic, herodotus, demetrius, caecilius, roberts, sublime, orators, antiphon, isocrates, isaeus, metathesis, treatise, soph, plat, comp, aristotle, hermogenes, polybius, hypsos, hell, dionysius_of_halicarnassus

[13 words] family, father, name, sons, his_father, consul, daughter, married, brother, families, younger, whom, wife, his_son, elder, mother, names, himself, brothers, cognomen, birth, murena, young, sister, early, marriage, grandson, grandfather, adoption, became

[13 words] apollonius, frag, aristarchus, homer, alcidamas, lexicon, heliodorus, apion, homeric, scholia, entry, papyrus, entries, ambiguity, hsch, certamen, gloss, protr, eustathius, didymus, eust, haslam, coisl, odyssey, erbse, glosses, polysemantic, frankel, diathesis, hesychius

[12 words] esse, enim, autem, etiam, haec, tamen, quidem, atque, quia, vero, apud, modo, quibus, quid, quoque, dicitur, neque, nihil, eius, quasi, inter, videtur, igitur, omnia, potest, loco, ergo, nisi, unde, illud

[12 words] demosthenes, speech, speeches, isocrates, rhetoric, lysias, aeschines, rhetorical, gorgias, speaker, oration, orator, oratory, orators, antiphon, delivered, athens, aristotle, forensic, audience, written, palamedes, sophists, political, isokrates, helen, athenian, orations, blass, assembly

[12 words] painter, vases, vase, attic, beazley, amphora, athens, louvre, arv2, red-figured, krater, hydria, corinthian, boston, fragment, collection, painters, black-figured, lekythos, attributed, band, red-figure, early, painted, steiner, payne, black-figure, kylix, verlag, gmbh

[11 words] achilles, iliad, hector, agamemnon, homer, troy, ajax, odysseus, patroclus, priam, homeric, diomedes, trojans, greeks, nestor, battle, hero, trojan, heroes, thetis, poet, menelaus, zeus, achilleus, epic, warrior, achaeans, heroic, fight, hektor

[11 words] christen, kaiser, konstantin, christlichen, kirche, sklaven, paulus, romischen, konstantins, bischof, kaisers, christentum, juden, orosius, munera, petr, verfolgung, gegen, damasus, lukas, maximinus, eusebius, ursinus, krise, staat, laktanz, christliche, heidnischen, konstantius, vettius

[11 words] pindar, poet, victory, poem, praise, pythian, victor, odes, pyth, bacchylides, song, pindaric, olympian, myth, hieron, epinician, nemean, simonides, poetry, lines, paean, passage, farnell, cyrene, bundy, apollo, wilamowitz, bowra, aegina, victories

[10 words] story, myth, ovid, apollo, stories, myths, version, tale, legend, metamorphoses, narrative, mythological, episode, tradition, phaethon, metamorphosis, versions, rape, daedalus, daughter, told, mythical, birth, theseus, aphrodite, pelops, hymn, zeus, tales, name

[10 words] body, handle, foot, glaze, base, fragment, neck, diam, clay, black, shoulder, handles, bowl, reserved, inside, lower, fragments, wall, slightly, upper, bottom, band, vertical, ring, shape, glazed, flat, interior, horizontal, diameter

[10 words] aristotle, tragedy, poetics, tragic, poetry, plot, pity, comedy, drama, action, poet, imitation, fear, characters, emotions, mimesis, catharsis, dramatic, definition, moral, aristotelian, audience, else, chapter, bywater, pleasure, hamartia, pathos, play, poets

[10 words] browning, balaustion, apology, nonnus, sayana, fifine, escc, paracelsus, pauline, vita, keydell, sordello, fair, imperante, accidit, parc, pippa, augusto, audacht, comoed, cunedda, natus, alciphron, keal, latrent, quotes, terpsicles, apprehension, atha, gerard

[9 words] tibi, mihi, quid, ovid, nunc, haec, quis, tamen, esse, ille, illa, semper, ipse, erit, sine, quoque, fuit, amor, saepe, nobis, quem, licet, puer, bene, trist, habet, nostra, manus, modo, erat

[9 words] average, size, numbers, population, high, proportion, data, length, ratio, higher, units, frequency, rate, range, increase, groups, percentage, relative, estimate, amount, lower, statistics, value, significant, approximately, sample, distribution, mean, greater, unit

[9 words] philosophy, literary, works, influence, philosophical, writers, tradition, greeks, intellectual, knowledge, ideas, writings, education, philosophers, poets, political, early, plato, period, wrote, written, romans, authors, writing, historians, attitude, moral, philosopher, poetry, himself

[9 words] tablets, names, lists, tablet, documents, texts, listed, items, records, text, written, name, document, writing, entries, entry, inscribed, item, numbers, recorded, archive, vindolanda, literacy, heading, inventory, archives, official, tokens, letters, groups

[9 words] xocl, linnaeus, xail, xcai, xoct, xaci, syst, theseus, systema, trittyen, xacl, xata, giraldi, xcti, barbari, danai, nymphae, xaxov, aristot, gessner, hederich, heller, muncker, amoen, naturae, ryss, xcal, clipeo, hagberg, hoefnagel

[8 words] apollo, cult, zeus, temple, athena, pausanias, delphi, sanctuary, athens, oracle, artemis, shrine, sacred, altar, demeter, poseidon, goddess, festival, paus, name, dedicated, statue, athenian, hero, aphrodite, delos, cults, inscription, dedication, city

[7 words] athens, athenian, athenians, thucydides, fleet, ships, persian, battle, herodotus, persians, salamis, spartans, greeks, thuc, spartan, sparta, marathon, samos, diodorus, aegina, allies, themistocles, revolt, sent, naval, island, persia, chios, tissaphernes, victory

[7 words] varro, servius, ennius, gellius, donatus, macrobius, commentary, festus, naevius, nonius, latin, virgil, lucilius, vergil, scholia, probus, accius, plautus, cicero, suetonius, quoted, keil, lindsay, priscian, thilo, fragment, comment, nenia, fragments, terence

[6 words] atti, nella, florence, naples, nell, degli, sulla, italia, romano, alla, turin, archeologia, greca, istituto, napoli, onore, ricerche, pisa, bologna, antichita, italian, antico, classica, bari, mondo, sull, cultura, argues, secolo, greco

[6 words] hair, face, body, neck, front, eyes, legs, drapery, heads, lower, shoulder, nose, folds, upper, slightly, forehead, arms, mouth, female, short, shoulders, piece, relief, beard, chiton, broken, ears, behind, feet, wears

[6 words] written, page, text, lines, scribe, codex, manuscript, letters, line, writing, beginning, margin, leaves, papyrus, script, uncial, pages, capitals, manuscripts, words, column, copied, leaf, insular, recto, verses, folia, verso, roll, books

[6 words] dead, orpheus, hades, underworld, admetus, alcestis, heracles, dreams, souls, dream, eurydice, sleep, tartarus, elysium, living, charon, earth, insomnia, protesilaus, lament, persephone, journey, orphic, afterlife, pheres, apollo, cerberus, thanatos, gates, pluto

[5 words] esse, atque, enim, etiam, quid, neque, cicero, eius, nihil, quidem, esset, tamen, nisi, mihi, sibi, quibus, erat, causa, haec, fuit, omnia, modo, quem, autem, omnes, ipse, sine, quis, ille, rerum

[5 words] greeks, greece, peoples, cities, early, land, strabo, egypt, asia_minor, name, island, city, eastern, region, italy, islands, country, native, inhabitants, geographical, western, tribes, coast, tradition, northern, mediterranean, asia, civilization, romans, population

[5 words] manuscript, manuscripts, petrarch, written, latin, poggio, mediaeval, works, codex, politian, books, boccaccio, letter, edition, printed, translation, italian, commentary, sabbadini, florence, text, alcuin, tours, bede, contains, erasmus, renaissance, twelfth, vincent, medieval